That narrow groove beside some staircases is often a bike wheel ramp, designed to let cyclists roll their bikes up or down without carrying them.
The channel guides the tires along the slope while the person walks beside the bicycle, making stair-only routes easier to navigate.Cities and buildings use them where a full ramp or elevator would require too much space, though some runnels work better than others.
If you’re looking at one in a photo, check whether it is tire-width, smooth, continuous, and follows the stairs—otherwise, it could simply be a drainage channel.